PDRN from Salmon: The Hot New Ingredient—Is the Hype Backed by Evidence?

There is a lot of noise lately over a new ingredient that is derived from salmon sperm, but is this just hype? Or is there any evidence that it is a valid cosmetic ingredient?

Let’s explore

What is PDRN?

• Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a molecule derived from the DNA of fish, particularly salmon, that has gained popularity in the field of dermatology. PDRN is composed of deoxyribonucleotide chains of varying lengths, typically between 50 and 2000 base pairs.
• It is known for its regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a promising ingredient in skincare formulations and medical applications.

Extraction and Composition of PDRN

• PDRN is obtained from the sperm or milt of salmon through an advanced extraction and purification process. Salmon DNA is preferred due to its structural and biochemical similarities with human DNA, which reduces the likelihood of immune reactions.
• After extraction, PDRN is processed to retain high molecular weight DNA fragments essential for skin repair.

Mechanism of Action

The primary mechanism of PDRN involves acting as a precursor of purines and pyrimidines, which are essential for cellular repair and regeneration.

• PDRN stimulates the activity of adenosine A2A receptors, leading to increased vascularisation and cellular proliferation.
• This enhances wound healing, improves blood flow, and reduces inflammation. Additionally, it promotes collagen synthesis, essential for maintaining skin elasticity and strength.

Uses in Skincare Formulations

Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration

• PDRN is primarily utilised in skincare for its regenerative properties.
• It accelerates the healing of wounds and skin damage by promoting angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) and increasing fibroblast proliferation, which is crucial for tissue repair.
• This makes it suitable for post-procedure skincare, such as after laser treatments, chemical peels, or microneedling.

Anti-Ageing Benefits

• By stimulating collagen production and improving blood flow, PDRN helps in reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It aids in maintaining skin elasticity and firmness, providing a youthful look.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects

• PDRN has shown anti-inflammatory properties, reducing redness and irritation in conditions like acne or sensitive skin. Its role in decreasing inflammatory cytokines contributes to skin health and repair.

Skin Hydration and Barrier Repair

• PDRN aids in improving the skin barrier function, making it beneficial for dry, damaged, or sensitised skin.
• By strengthening the barrier, enhances moisture retention and prevents trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL).

Treatment of Hyperpigmentation

• Some studies indicate that PDRN may have a role in reducing melanin production, making it potentially beneficial in treating hyperpigmentation or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Skin Conditions Benefited by PDRN

Ageing Skin

• PDRN’s ability to stimulate collagen synthesis and cellular proliferation helps improve skin elasticity, reduce wrinkles, and restore a more youthful appearance.

Sensitive and Irritated Skin

• Its anti-inflammatory properties can soothe sensitive skin and reduce redness or irritation.

Scars and Wounds

• PDRN’s regenerative effects accelerate the healing of wounds, making it ideal for post-treatment care.

Hyperpigmentation

• PDRN’s potential to inhibit melanin synthesis suggests its use in managing dark spots and uneven skin tone.

Scientific Studies Supporting PDRN in Skincare

Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of PDRN in improving skin conditions

Regenerative and Healing Properties

• A 2016 study published in the Journal of Dermatological Treatment found that PDRN significantly enhanced wound healing by increasing fibroblast activity and collagen production. This study highlighted PDRN’s effectiveness in post-surgery and wound recovery applications.

Anti-ageing and Skin Rejuvenation

• A clinical trial in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery in 2017 showed that topical or injectable PDRN improved skin elasticity and reduced wrinkles.
• Patients who underwent PDRN treatment exhibited increased collagen density and skin thickness.

Anti-Inflammatory and Soothing Effects

• Research published in International Immunopharmacology in 2018 indicated that PDRN reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, highlighting its anti-inflammatory capabilities. This has been correlated with improved outcomes in patients with inflammatory skin conditions like acne and rosacea.

Moisture Retention and Barrier Function Improvement

• A 2019 study in Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology revealed that PDRN application enhanced the skin’s moisture content by strengthening the skin barrier. Patients with dry and compromised skin showed significant improvements in hydration levels and barrier integrity.

Formulations and Application in Skincare

• PDRN is incorporated into a variety of skincare products, such as serums, creams, and facial masks. Additionally, it is used in medical-grade formulations for injectable treatments known as “salmon DNA injections,” commonly utilised in aesthetic medicine for skin rejuvenation.

• In topical formulations, PDRN is typically combined with other hydrating or collagen-boosting ingredients like hyaluronic acid or peptides.

In conclusion

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) derived from salmon DNA has emerged as a credible multifunctional ingredient in skincare and dermatological treatments. Its regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and collagen-stimulating properties make it effective for age management, wound healing, and overall skin health.

Supported by multiple scientific studies, PDRN has shown promising results in improving skin conditions such as ageing, sensitivity, wounds, and hyperpigmentation. It is widely used in both topical and injectable formulations, offering a versatile approach to skincare.

With ongoing research and innovation, PDRN continues to expand its role in dermatology, offering a potent solution for a variety of skin concerns.